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We show that this analysis offers a rich interpretation of the fine-grained statistical structure of speech, and that the exponent values can be related to key acoustic properties. Two main results are i) for plosives, the exponent is lowered by the release bursts, concealing higher values during the opening phases; ii) for vowels, the exponent is bound to formant bandwidths and decreases with the degree of acoustic radiation at the lips. This work further suggests that an efficient coding strategy is to reduce frequency selectivity with s

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Bitter taste perception is mediated by a family of G protein-coupled receptors (T2Rs) in vertebrates. Common carp (Cyprinus carpio), which has experienced an additional round of whole genome duplication during the course of evolution, has a small number of T2R genes similar to zebrafish, a closely related cyprinid fish species, and their expression pattern at the cellular level or their cognate ligands have not been elucidated yet. Here, we showed through in situ hybridization experiments, that three common carp T2R (ccT2R) genes encodin