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Retrospective cohort study. To investigate the prognosis of symptomatic pseudarthrosis observed at 1 year after lateral lumbar interbody fusion (LLIF) surgery and to analyze the risk factors for persistent pseudarthrosis for 2 years postoperatively. Few papers have evaluated the prognosis of symptomatic pseudarthrosis following LLIF surgery. One hundred fifty-two patients with a minimum follow-up of 2 years were screened. Fusion status was assessed at 1 year postoperatively, and unfused segments were re-evaluated at 2 years postoperatively. Dynamic X-rays a