https://www.selleckchem.com/pr....oducts/tubastatin-a.
Condensation freezing inhibition is of great practical importance for anti-icing applications; however, no coatings with this performance have been reported. Here, we report the inhibition of condensation freezing on patterned polyelectrolyte coatings, including polyelectrolyte brush (P, polyelectrolyte multilayer (PEM), and polyelectrolyte hydrogel (PH) surfaces, benefiting from their feature in regulating ice nucleation and propagation via changing counterions. On the reported surfaces, ice nucleation can be initiated exclusive