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The seismic low-velocity zone (LVZ) of the upper mantle is generally associated with a low-viscosity asthenosphere that has a key role in decoupling tectonic plates from the mantle1. However, the origin of the LVZ remains unclear. Some studies attribute its low seismic velocities to a small amount of partial melt of minerals in the mantle2,3, whereas others attribute them to solid-state mechanisms near the solidus4-6 or the effect of its volatile contents6. Observations of shear attenuation provide additional constraints on the origin of t