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Mechanistically, mNPC-exos were specifically internalized by retinal microglia and suppressed their activation in vitro and in vivo. RNA sequencing and miRNA profiling revealed a set of 17 miRNAs contained in mNPC-exos that markedly inhibited inflammatory signal pathways by targeting TNF-α, IL-1β, and COX-2 in activated microglia. The exosomes derived from hNPC (hNPC-exos) contained similar miRNAs to mNPC-exos that inhibited microglial activation. We demonstrated that NPC-exos markedly suppressed microglial activation to protect photo

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The role of wildlife with long-range dispersal such as gulls in the global dissemination of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) across natural and anthropogenic aquatic environments remains poorly understood. Antibiotic-resistant bacteria have been detected in resident and migratory gulls worldwide for more than a decade, suggesting gulls as either sentinels of AMR pollution from anthropogenic sources or independent reservoirs that could maintain and disperse AMR across aquatic environments. However, confirming either of these roles remains c