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Microbe-mediated mineralization is ubiquitous in nature, involving bacteria, fungi, viruses, and algae. These mineralization processes comprise calcification, silicification, and iron mineralization. The mechanisms for mineral formation include extracellular and intracellular biomineralization. The mineral precipitating capability of microbes is often harnessed for green synthesis of metal nanoparticles, which are relatively less toxic compared with those synthesized through physical or chemical methods. Microbe-mediated mineralization has

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Many animals, especially those that develop externally, are equipped with innate color preferences that promote survival. For example, Xenopus tadpoles are known to phototax most robustly towards mid-spectrum ("green" wavelengths of light while avoiding shorter ("blue" wavelengths. The innate preference to phototax towards green likely promotes survival by guiding the tadpoles to green aquatic plants-their source of both food and safety. Here, we characterize the dynamics and circuitry that give rise to this intriguing hard-