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BACKGROUND AND AIM Cholestasis comprises a spectrum of liver diseases characterized by accumulation of bile acids. Bile acids and activation of the bile acid receptor FXR can inhibit autophagy, a cellular self-digestion process necessary for cell homeostasis and regeneration. In mice autophagy appears to be impaired in cholestasis and induction of autophagy may reduce liver injury. METHODS Here we explored autophagy in human cholestasis in vivo and investigated the underlying molecular mechanisms in vitro. RESULTS In cholestatic patient