https://www.selleckchem.com/pr....oducts/caerulein.htm
The production of itaconate by macrophages was only discovered in 2011. An increasing number of studies have since revealed essential biological functions for this small molecule, ranging from antimicrobial to immunomodulator. The antibacterial role of itaconate has however been questioned because the estimated concentration of itaconate in macrophages (low-millimolar) is lower than the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of itaconate reported for several bacterial strains (low-to-mid-millimolar). We note that some of these investi
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