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Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the most common cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Currently, approximately 20-40% of individuals with diabetes are diagnosed with DN. Mesangial cells (MCs) are critical for maintaining and regulating glomerular filtration, and the abnormal proliferation of MCs causes the accumulation of mesangial extracellular matrix (ECM), further promoting glomerular dysfunction and renal diseases. Low molecular weight fucoidan (LMWF) extracted from Saccharina japonica could alleviate DN, but the mechanism was not an