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sound and neurophysiologic monitoring, is advised. Hand swelling may result from injury or trauma. Various physical assessment tools and measurement methods can be used to quantify the volume or size of the hand or fingers; however, the reliability and validity of each tool and measurement method have not been evaluated. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the reliability and validity of physical assessment tools and methods used to quantify hand and finger volume orsize. MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Sco