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AIM To explore the prevalence of and risk factors for gallstone disease in Shanghai, China. METHODS A population-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Shanghai between 2016 and 2017. With a three-stage stratified sampling strategy, 4009 subjects (1753 men and 2256 women) from 10 districts were enrolled. RESULTS The total prevalence of gallstones was 6.83% (6.22% for male vs. 7.31% for female, P = 0.173). According to the multivariate regression analysis, those individuals with age ≥ 40 years (OR 3.058; 95% CI 2.110-4.433; P less then 0.001), history