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We modified a general health fatalism instrument to examine cardiovascular disease (CVD) fatalism because there is no specific CVD fatalism instrument (CVD-FI). Adults with two or more CVD risk factors completed a 20-item CVD-FI rated on a 5-point Likert scale. Higher scores indicated higher CVD fatalism. Reliability and construct validity of the CVD-FI were examined using Cronbach's alpha, factor analysis, and hypothesis testing using correlation respectively. Cronbach's alpha was 0.89 supporting internal consistency. Hypothesis that in