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The histopathologic diagnosis of celiac disease (CD) may be challenging when the duodenal biopsies mucosal injury is limited. Intraepithelial T-lymphocytes (IELs) can be useful to characterize the degree of mucosal inflammation. A small fraction of IELs expresses the γδ T-cell receptor (named γδ-IELs), whose density, determined by flow cytometry or frozen section immunohistochemistry (IHC), is a specific marker for CD. To establish a new IHC assay for γδ-IELs applicable to formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) duodenal biopsies. We analyzed γδ-IELs using