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Persistent antigen exposure leads to the accumulation of lymphocytes and subsequent tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS). We investigated the relationship of tumor microenvironment (TME) with respect to programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1), its receptor programmed death 1 (PD-1), and TLS in upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) cases and compared them with UTUC associated with urothelial bladder carcinoma (UTUC-BCa). We retrospectively identified 72 patients with UTUC. Representative slides were reviewed, and TLS were counted. Immunohist

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Exosome-mediated microRNAs (miRNAs) are closely related to the occurrence, development, invasion, metastasis, therapeutic resistance, diagnosis and treatment of malignant tumors. Guide-strand miRNA and passenger-strand miRNA (miRNA*) exist in miRNA processing, but the function of passenger-strand miRNA is often overlooked. In this study, we attempted to identify functional miRNA*s in exosomes derived from human colon cancer SW620 cells. miRNA expression profiles of human normal colonic epithelial cells NCM460 and colon cancer cells SW620