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The percentage of tumors with PD‑L1+ tumor cells (tumor proportion score ≥1%) was significantly lower within the irradiated area cohort than the de novo cohort (56.0% vs. 86.0%, P less then 0.001). There were also significantly fewer tumors with PD‑L1+ immune cells in the irradiated area cohort. Predominantly, tumors from the irradiated area cohort had microenvironments classified as 'adaptive immune resistance'. There was persistence of cytotoxic cells in tumors in the irradiated areas but lower PD‑L1 expression and CD3+ TIL counts tha