https://www.selleckchem.com/pr....oducts/Gefitinib.htm
Several robust titania (TiO2) coated core/multishell trivalent lanthanide (Ln) upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) hybrid architecture designs have been reported for use in photodynamic therapy (PDT) against cancer, utilizing the near-infrared (NIR) excited energy down-shifting and up-conversion chain of Nd3+ (λ793-808 nm) → Yb3+ (λ980 nm) → Tm3+(λ475 nm) → TiO2 to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) for deep tissue-penetrating oxidative cytotoxicity, e.g., NaLnF4Yb,Tm (Ln = Y, Gd). Herein, we demonstrate that by doping the Tm3+ emit