https://www.selleckchem.com/pr....oducts/px-478-2hcl.h
To close the carbon loop of biomass waste valorization, it is imperative to utilize the unavoidable by-products such as humins, a carbonaceous residue with complex and heterogeneous composition. In this study, starch-rich rice waste was effectively converted into value-added chemicals (e.g., 5-hydroxymethylfurfural) under microwave heating at 160 °C using AlCl3 as the catalyst. The solid by-products, i.e., humins, were then valorized as a raw material for fabricating biochar-supported Lewis acid catalysts. The humins were collected