What Impact Do FLiRT Subvariants Have on Vaccine Efficacy?
The emergence of FLiRT subvariants (KP.2, KP.3, and KP.1.1) has raised concerns about the efficacy of current COVID-19 vaccines. These subvariants carry mutations in the spike protein, which is targeted by vaccines to prevent the virus from entering cells. As the virus evolves, it becomes more adept at escaping immune responses, potentially lowering vaccine effectiveness.
KP.2 and KP.3 subvariants exhibit mutations that make the virus more transmissible, but vaccines, especially with booster doses, still provide significant protection against severe illness and hospitalization. Although these subvariants can evade neutralizing antibodies more easily, vaccinated individuals generally experience milder symptoms if infected. Boosters help restore the body’s immune response, improving overall protection.
KP.1.1, on the other hand, has shown a stronger ability to evade immunity due to more pronounced spike protein changes. This subvariant could potentially reduce vaccine efficacy further, leading to more breakthrough infections. However, vaccines continue to be highly effective in reducing severe outcomes, including hospitalizations and deaths. While breakthrough cases may occur, vaccines remain the most critical tool in controlling the virus.
In response to these changes, vaccine manufacturers are developing updated vaccines that target newer variants, including the FLiRT subvariants, to enhance immune protection.
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