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To analyze which features of Cas9 determine the sensitiveness to mismatches across the target DNA, we performed in vitro biochemical assays and microbial success assays in Escherichia coli. We display that arginines into the Cas9 connection helix impact guide RNA, and target DNA binding and cleavage. They cluster in two teams that either enhance or reduce the Cas9 susceptibility to mismatches. We show that the bridge helix is essential for R-loop formation and that R63 and R66 re