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Clear guidelines need to be developed to identify which health service providers are responsible for chronic pain management in PWH. This study generated a refined version of the Fear Avoidance Model that introduces a dimension of HIV-specific behaviours that impact PWHs seeking chronic pain management.HIV-related stigma impedes adoption and implementation of effective HIV prevention and treatment strategies. It may also exacerbate racial/ethnic HIV disparities. Given high levels of religious observance within African, Caribbean, and B