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The inhibitory role of microbial metabolites on metformin action has not formerly been examined. Here, we reveal that concentrations for the microbial metabolite imidazole propionate tend to be greater in subjects with diabetes taking metformin that have large blood glucose. We also reveal that metformin-induced sugar decreasing is not observed in mice pretreated with imidazole propionate. Also, we indicate that imidazole propionate prevents AMPK activity by in