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Mounting evidence indicates that microRNAs (miRNAs), including miR-146a, have an impact on the immunomodulatory activities of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs). Suppression of inflammatory macrophage activation is one of the main immunomodulatory mechanisms of MSCs. Here, we investigated whether miR-146a in MSCs might play a role in the effects of MSCs on macrophage activation. A miRNA microarray revealed that miR-146a was the most highly upregulated miRNA in MSCs upon co-culture with activated macrophages. Inhibition of miR-146a in