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Herein, we disclose the biological basis of distinguishable thermal results at subcellular resolution by localizing photothermal upconversion nanoparticles into particular places of mobile compartments. Upon 808 nm light excitation, the lysosomal cellular uptake initialized by poly(ethylenimine)-modified nanoheaters marketed mitochondria apoptosis through the activation of Bid protein, whereas the cellular area nanoheaters anchored via metabolic gly