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The contribution of sensorimotor versus pharmacological replacement is unknown. To gauge whether non-nicotinic electronic cigarettes, used alone or with nicotine lozenges, can attenuate smoking craving after aesthetic cue presentation or severe (3 h post ad-lib usage) abstinence in dependent everyday cigarette smokers. Behavioral simulation of cigarette smoking with or without nicotine reduces smoking craving. When compared with cigarettes, ENL with NL or N