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BACKGROUND Intestinal ischemia reperfusion (I/R) occurs in various diseases, such as trauma and intestinal transplantation. Excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and subsequent apoptotic cell death in intestinal epithelia are important causes of I/R injury. PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1) and phosphorylation of dynamin-related protein 1 (DRP1) are critical regulators of ROS and apoptosis. However, the correlation of PINK1 and DRP1 and their function in intestinal I/R injury have not been investigated. Thus, examin

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The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has unmasked mankind's vulnerability to biological threats. Although higher age is a major risk factor for disease severity in COVID-19, several predisposing risk factors for mortality are related to low cardiorespiratory and metabolic fitness, including obesity, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and hypertension. Reaching physical activity (PA) guideline goals contribute to protect against numerous immune and inflamma