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Existing evidence suggest that those who are socially isolated are at risk for taking up or continuing smoking. This study investigated country-based differences in social isolation and smoking status. We performed a repeated cross-sectional study using two waves of data from two ongoing aging studies the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing and the Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study. Participants from both studies aged ≥65 years old were included. We applied a multilevel Poisson regression model to examine the association between social isolation and sm