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Despite adequate antibiotic coverage, community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) remains a leading cause of hospitalization and mortality worldwide. It induces both a local pulmonary and a systemic inflammatory response, particularly significant in severe cases. The intensity of the dysregulated host response varies from patient to patient and has a negative impact on survival and other outcomes. This comprehensive review summarizes the pathophysiological aspects of the inflammatory response in CAP, briefly discusses the usefulness of biomarkers, and assesses the c