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No notable differences were observed in phagocytic index (PI). Gene expression levels for the cytokine IL-1 were lower in tissues from the head kidney, liver, and spleen of triploid fish with respect to diploid fish. Gene expression levels of TGF-β were lower only in the spleen of triploids compared to diploids. In conclusion, triploid induction resulted in A. altiparanae specimens with immune impairments and potentially lower resistances to disease and low-quality environments.The regulation of C/N in aquaculture water is an important